Taiji Tu (太极图) = ‘Grand Ridge-Pole’ (a theoretical ‘rotating, controlling and directing ‘central’ polarity that lies at the heart of all material and immaterial reality – continuously ebbing and flowing between light (Yang) and dark (Yin) – dark and light (and any and all other corresponding and associated polarities). There are a number of shaded roundels all depicting the inter-play of ‘light’ (Yang) and ‘dark’ (Yin) – all termed ‘Taiji Tu’ – although within popular culture in the West these symbols are referred to as ‘Yin-Yang’ Symbols. Within Chinese culture, the ‘Taiji Tu’ is understood to symbolise the flux of ‘Yin’ and ‘Yang’ – but only from within the context of a continuously rotating and controlling centrality (the ‘Grand Ridge-Pole’). Therefore, the ‘Taiji Tu’ is never referred to as a ‘Yin-Yang’ Symbol within Chinese thinking – as this would imply an inversion of logic – similar to only ever referring to an ‘automobile’ through the functional agency of ‘mileage’. This ‘measure of movement’ tells the enquirer ‘nothing’ about the ‘automobile’ that is moving.
Yin – Yang (陰陽) = ‘Shadow’ (‘Lack of Light’, ‘Dark’) – ‘Non-Shadow’ (‘Presence of Light’, ‘ Bright’)
Taiji Tu (太极图) = ‘Grand Ridge-Pole’ (a theoretical ‘rotating, controlling and directing ‘central’ polarity that lies at the heart of all material and immaterial reality – continuously ebbing and flowing between light (Yang) and dark (Yin) – dark and light (and any and all other corresponding and associated polarities). There are a number of shaded roundels all depicting the inter-play of ‘light’ (Yang) and ‘dark’ (Yin) – all termed ‘Taiji Tu’ – although within popular culture in the West these symbols are referred to as ‘Yin-Yang’ Symbols. Within Chinese culture, the ‘Taiji Tu’ is understood to symbolise the flux of ‘Yin’ and ‘Yang’ – but only from within the context of a continuously rotating and controlling centrality (the ‘Grand Ridge-Pole’). Therefore, the ‘Taiji Tu’ is never referred to as a ‘Yin-Yang’ Symbol within Chinese thinking – as this would imply an inversion of logic – similar to only ever referring to an ‘automobile’ through the functional agency of ‘mileage’. This ‘measure of movement’ tells the enquirer ‘nothing’ about the ‘automobile’ that is moving.
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A number of my academic colleagues in Mainland China have discussed with me the necessity for the formation of a ‘new’ type of Daoism. The point of this is to move away from the pointless ‘dead-ends’ of superstitious teachings and empower Daoist practitioners with the most effective and efficient medicalised training programmes available. Without a shadow of a doubt, this redesigning will have to accommodate the rigours of modern medical science just as it should retain the elements of traditional Chinese thinking that was premised upon logic, practice, results and replication of those results. Indeed, there is much existing within Daoist (and TCM) methodology that is both ancient in construction and highly effective in practice! Of course, something of a ground-breaking foundation already exists within the teachings of the Qianfeng School of Beijing where its founder – Zhao Bichen (1860-1942) - was able to integrate Western medical science with tradition Daoist and TCM concepts. This modified the Quanzhen, Longmen and Wu Liu Daoist lineages and created a Daoist methodology that educated Chinese people about Western thinking – and Westerners about Chinese thinkers! What many Westerners do not know is that Zhao Bichen often replaced or enhanced a traditional Chinese Daoist term with its exact Western (biological) designate – for instance, for the ‘Ancestral Cavity’ (祖窍 - Zu Qiao) - Zhao Bichen would add the Chinese translation of the Western anatomical term ‘centre of the forehead’. Within his Daoist manuals (see: ‘Taoist Yoga’ translated by Charles Luk as an example), the Western concepts of the ‘centre of the brain’ is used to correspond to the ‘mud pill’ (泥丸 - Ni Wan) and the ‘solar plexus’ is used to describe the ‘middle dan tian’ ((中丹田 - Zhong Nei Dan), etc. All these terms are in Chinese translation and are presented alongside their traditional Chinese equivalent. When Zhao Bichen set about compiling an integrated glossary of Daoist and Western anatomical terms in the early 20th century, such phrases as ‘centre of the forehead’ was completely alien for all but the most well-travelled and well educated of Chinese people of the time. A point that has to be understood is that most traditional Daoist terms were considered ‘obscure’ even for native Chinese-speakers – as the techniques and methods were closely guarded through the descriptive use of metaphor and allegory. Zhao Bichen sought to ‘align’ formerly complicated Daoist terms with regular (modern) terms so that an understanding between the two cultures could be built, and misunderstanding ‘educated out’ of the process of communication. Zhao Bichen was also following the instructions of his two traditional Daoist Teachers who advised him to abandon the exclusivity usually associated with Daoist instruction, and teach any who asked. To modernise and strengthen China, Zhao Bichen decided to align the wisdom of ancient China with the highly effective thinking that formed the foundation of Western medical understanding. Since 1949, the literacy rates in China have sky-rocketed and many modern Chinese readers are now able to fully understand the Western medical terms employed by Zhao Bichen. This allows the average person in China to work backwards into the traditional Daoist codes and decipher the hidden meaning contained inside! The fruits of this labour are experienced by myself when I translate the Chinese-language blog posts of Master Zhao Ming Wang into English. Not only is my task made easier by the integration of Eastern and Western thinking, but this also gives me a firm theoretical understanding when purely ancient Chinese terms are introduced!
Modern medicine is obviously correct and always developing. Over the last two-hundred years or so, the human understanding of how the human body and mind functions has increased dramatically away from the thinking that dominated the primitive tribal formations of early human civilisation. Having made this point clear, I would also like to clarify that other great cultures have also developed their own particular types of medicines and models of what it means to ‘fit’. In this respect, modern medicine has probably evolved from the Greco-Roman tradition which culminated in the Renaissance (14th-17th centuries CE) in Florence (Italy), the Enlightenment (17th-18th centuries CE) in France and the Industrial Revolution (18th-19th centuries CE) in England. However, far more ancient civilisations – such as Egypt, India and China – also developed their own quite often sophisticated systems of medicine premised, it is true, on as much myth and religious notions as it was upon the sound observation of material processes! In many ways, whilst lack the modern dependency upon materialism, the ancient doctors had to take into account many more cultural and superstitious elements when formulating a guiding medical principle that culminated in the treatment of physical symptoms. Although the Western and Eastern models of medicine have both developed the aloof professional dispenser of medical knowledge – the Eastern model of medicine, particularly that of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), allows for an entire genre of what might be called ‘self-healing’ in the sense that this system of health maintenance is considered ‘preventative’ in nature. In other words, the daily or weekly health regimens an individual puts themselves through, are expected to ‘prevent’ the build-up of negative energy in the mind and body, and therefore remove a foundation forming that allows major diseases to form. Of course, a weakness of this method is that a practitioner can never be fully sure just what his health regimen has ‘prevented’ from forming – as there is no available (physical) evidence that records all the illnesses that have been avoided! This does mean that preventative medicine does not work, because even modern medicine allows for the idea that a healthy lifestyle tends to diminish the chances of major illnesses developing in the mind and body. This is a logical approach, as leading a reckless and irresponsible life has definitely been recorded as shortening life-spans! Furthermore, living in poor or difficult circumstances (through no fault of oneself) can also lead to a diminished life expectancy. As somebody of part-Chinese ethnicity – and who has been brought-up with a traditional Hakka Chinese culture – TCM is far more than a doctor’s office and his medical cabinets! It is far more than acupuncture and seated massage, etc. Firstly, the power of TCM (within a traditional Chinese cultural context) stems from the (ancient) family Clan Name. Our name is pronounced ‘Chan’ in the Cantonese dialect, Chin in the Hakka dialect and Chen in the Putonghua language. The old ideogram for ‘Chan’ is ‘陳’ and this is one of the original ‘One Hundred Surnames’ of China. The centre of village life is the ‘Name Temple’ within which the remains of the ancestors reside in specially built ceramic jars. This is usually next to a temple to Buddha, Guan Yin and/or various Daoist or other spiritual beings. The Daoist God of our family is ‘Wong Tai Sin’ - the God of Medicine and Healing. When we bring flowers to the temple and light incense sticks – we are paying our respects to our Clan Ancestors, the Buddha, Confucius, Laozi, Guan Yin, Wong Tai Sin and a number of village gods (that live in the ground, the water, the sky and trees, etc). Practicing our martial forms and strengthening inner and outer exercises in this temple is also considered ‘an act of worship’. The Clan Ancestors pass on to us the (inner) Ancestral Qi when we are conceived in the womb – and the (outer) Ancestral Qi through the traditions associated with our Hakka Chinese village – which includes reading, writing, hunting, fishing, farming, medicine and martial arts practice. According to the old ways – these traditions belong to our lineage (and village) only – and to reveal them to disrespectful outsider has the effect of taking away the inherent and accumulated cultural and spiritual power! As someone who lives in the West and respect science – I can say that TCM exists in parallel to modern medicine - sometimes fulfilling similar tasks – sometimes fulfilling quite different tasks. Inner fitness, for instance, has no equivalent in Western medicine. Inner fitness is the ability to allow the inner qi-energy to flow smoothly and feely through the inner body channels regardless of the health of the body. For instance, if a practitioner has an injured knee and has problems weight-bearing and moving properly during conventional exercise – through the directing of the qi-energy through the area in a non-confrontational manner – the joints works ‘freely’ and without pain despite the injury still being present. Indeed, subjecting an injured part of the body to this ‘medical’ process (usually through an appropriate qigong sequence), the injury itself begins to speed-up its healing capabilities. Although this is sometimes described as being ‘all in the mind’ I can attest that there is a definite physical component to this process. Alternatively, it is ‘not all in the knee’ - but an integration of appropriate psychological processes and physical manipulation. As an injury is an injury – no amount of positive thinking will help a practitioner ‘ignore’ a knee’ injury as the body and mind simply does not work in that way. I suspect that certain aspects of ancient medical systems are very advanced despite the superstitious and cultural nature of its support-structure, and that the Western medical system, as advanced as it is, will one day ‘discover’ these processes for itself!
I remember translating a highly technical and tricky blog entry written by Master Zhao Ming Wang of Beijing. I enjoy these challenges which the boundaries of my knowledge and understanding of a) traditional Chinese Daoist culture, and b) how this is interpreted, understood and applied to contemporary Chinese culture. This translation was shared by a reader online and was described as ‘mystical nonsense’ by someone who happened to come across it. Of course, this individual took it for granted that the original Chinese language text had been read, understood, translated, re-arranged and logically presented into (British) English! He could not comprehend how Master Zhao Ming Wang had employed a traditional Daoist sub-text in his explanation of a particular aspect of health and longevity practices, and yet articulated this understanding through a distinctly ‘modern’ interpretation of how the mind and body functions. Admittedly, this is a very subtle nuance that exists within the Qianfeng School which ‘blends’ traditional Chinese Daoist understanding with the ‘modern’ science familiar in the Western world. As it is my job to translate Master Zhao Ming Wang’s blog into English, it is my responsibility to convey this reality, even though it is very much an acquired taste! Master Zhao Bichen (1860-1942) was a very intelligent man. Not only did he seek-out and train with over thirty-six different (traditional) Daoist Masters, but he also encountered scientific literature imported from the West – which interested him tremendously. Primarily, this was data relating to medicine, anatomy and physiology – and it is this body of knowledge that he ‘integrated’ with the philosophy of traditional Daoist methodology. For ethnic Chinese readers who are familiar with the usual Daoist literature – the texts of the Qianfeng School are unusual in that they introduce to the Chinese reader common attributes contained within the Western interpretation of modern biology! The only obvious difference is that all this data is presented in Chinese translation. This blending of the ultra-orthodox Daoist ideology of the Qianfeng School with key attributes of ‘modern’ (Western) biological science – makes the Qianfeng School ‘unique’ in both China and the West! This is why the Chinese government considers the Qianfeng School to be an ideal conveyer of Daoism within a ‘modern’ Chinese context that plays-down superstition and literal beliefs in spirits and gods, etc, and encourages a more thorough and proactive ‘care’ for the well-being and health of the psychological and physical aspects of each practitioner. A lot of specialised work is carried-out in China (and in the UK) for teachings of the Qianfeng School to be properly presented for each reader to (freely) absorb, be inspired by and benefit from!
The Chinese ideogram ‘意’ (yi4) is often translated into English as ‘intention’, ‘thought’, ‘opinion’ or even ‘idea’, etc, and is comprised of a lower and an upper particle. The lower particle is ‘心’ (xin1) - which is used to refer to the anatomical ‘heart’ (hence its shape), and for the ‘thinking’ mind. It is believed that like ideas in Medieval Europe – the anatomical ‘heart’ was assumed to be the seat of human ‘thought’ in ancient China. In the modern-era, when science confirmed that the anatomical ‘heart’ and the ‘thinking’ mind (brain) were recognised as two different anatomical organs performing two very different biological functions – the ideogram ‘心’ (xin1) was continued to be used within modern China to refer to the ‘thinking’ mind (as opposed to ‘脑’ [nao3] which refers to the physical organ of the ‘brain’) - although this tends to refer a more ‘profound’ or ‘deep’ mode of thought as associated with ‘philosophy’ or ‘spirituality’. The upper ideogram is ‘音’ (yin1) which is ‘mouth’ (‘口’ kou3) with a ‘tongue’ sticking-out (‘舌’ she2) - although a more complex structure of the following ideogram - which denotes the tongue ‘moving’ (‘言’ yan2). Therefore, ‘音’ (yin1) refers to the act of ‘speaking’, ‘saying’ or ‘talking’, etc. There is some research which suggests that the particle ‘䇂’ (qian1) might have been used in earlier manifestations of this ideogram (this denotes a ‘knife’ which marks the external body of a ‘criminal’ for identification purposes). However, ‘䇂’ (qian1) might be a replacement particle for ‘中’ (zhong1) - which refers to the ‘centre’, ‘middle’ or ‘heart’ of something. When all this data is added to together, then the meaning of ‘意’ (yi4) can be expanded to include ‘heart’, ‘soul’ and ‘conscience’. As regards self-development training methods found within traditional, Chinese spiritual culture – the term ‘意’ (yi4) refers to a ‘profound’ and ‘guiding’ awareness that permeates the entire body and integrates the ‘mind’ and the ‘heart’. This type of permanent inner transformation penetrates the body cells to the very centre of the mind and body, and which acts like a magnetic force which draws the essential nature and vital force through the energy channels, unblocks all barriers and which strengthens the mind and expands the consciousness! Authentic ‘intention’ drops the bodyweight, aligns the bones and directs the rebounding force! The body and mind are strengthened and calmed by the presence of intention’ which brings inner peace and outer tranquillity. The disciple ‘listens’ to the universe and ‘hears’ what the Master has to say. Once the instructions are received, the mind focuses the effort so that immortality is achieved. Listening correctly is the essence of developing a profound ‘intention’...
Dear Gillian I have been dedicating a lot of time to our family Daoist Lineage (in fact, we have two - the other being 'Wong Tai Sin' - the Immortal Doctor who very common in the Hong Kong area, and linked to our gongfu style). This is because Master Zhao Ming Wang is a very kind and caring person who although very strict - has graciously recognised the lineage of his Zhao Family Daoism which I inherited through Charles Luk (1898-1978) who personally trained with his Great Grandfather Zhao Bichen (1860-1942), passed to me by Richard Hunn (1949-2006). There is a school of Daoism which claims it is from Russia - but which writes its website in US English. It uses a fake web address in Russia - but those who make contact tell me the admins are (White) American. They claim to be the sole inheritors of the Wu Liu School of Daoism - and that Master Zhao Ming Wang's Qianfeng School is 'fake'. They even penned the US (English) Wikipedia page which voices this lie - and yet the Russian language Wikipedia page (supposedly the page of their home country) does not express this lie at all and is very respectful to Master Zhao Ming Wang. Indeed, the Russians I meet all the time simply do not behave in this ignorant manner. Furthermore, it is 'law' within modern China that ALL religious groups and teachers MUST register their real names and addresses on social media and in the public domain. This is so they can perform their spiritual function of helping anybody who requires assistance and asks for it. This supposedly 'Russian School' states that its Chinese teachers do not give out their names! When I checked these claims, I was told by the Religious Support, Protection and Investigation Department (Beijing) that this school is a Western fabrication charging large sums of money for the second-hand teachings lifted out of books published in the West! Finally, the Daoist Association of China granted me the honourable task of translating a number of 'key' documents from the Chinese-language into (British) English so that the genuine knowledge is available for Western people interested in the authentic Daoist lineages of China. In the West, people can do what they want - even invent Daoist schools - but they shouldn't make claims that such entities are a) linked to China, or b) represent China. Such stupidity can get people into all kinds of trouble!
I was recently discussing the status of Patriarch Zhao Bichen (1860-1942) with a prominent representative of the Daoist Association of China. This communication occurred because I had been handled and ‘investigative report’ carried-out Daoist Association of China regard a supposedly ‘Russian’ school of Daoism – the leadership of which is very vocal in the publicity of its own techniques – whilst denigrating all other schools. Numerous complaints were made to the Daoist Association of China who was authorised by the government of China to initiate a two-year investigation. The (brief) conclusions are as follows:
1) The Daoist school in question is a Western invention and has no historical or cultural roots in China. 2) The Daoist school in question does not exist in Russia and is not ‘Russian’. 3) The Daoist school in question possesses no Chinese Masters or authentic Chinese Daoist knowledge. 4) The Daoist school in question only controls the English-language Wikipedia pages regarding Daoism – and does not write any pages for the Russian Wikipedia, 5) The Daoist school in question exists only to make money and is not ‘Chinese’ in any way. The report goes on for ten pages and says in one part that the Daoist school in question was contacted by a Russian speaker on the telephone and those who answered a) could not speak Russian, and b) spoke English with an ‘American’ accent. The final page of the report from the Daoist Association of China states that the Qianfeng School of Beijing – under the control of Zhao Ming Wang – is the ONLY legitimate inheritor of the Wu Liu School of Daoism in China today. Those who truly cultivate the Dao under authentic teachers in the East or West should avoid commercial entities that behave in an un-Daoist manner and that spreads lies and disinformation. Dear Alex The Daoist method is the psychological ability to perceive the underlying ‘essence’ of reality. We must ‘see through’ the haze that defines ordinary perception and directly penetrate the ‘Dao’. It is the ability to ‘give-up’ all accrued fabrication and let the ‘naturalness’ of the ‘Dao’ to shine through! In a sense, it is easier to ‘give-up’ the world of delusion to re-gain a direct perception of the Dao! There should be no undue ‘effort’ as this might generate yet another barrier – but there should also be an appropriate effort to ‘breakthrough’ delusion so that the qi-energy flow of the body becomes unhindered and unified in its progression around the body. This is a ‘direct’ Daoist method that penetrates all sixteen chapters of the manual of Zhao Bichen. This ability does not eradicate Zhao Bichen’s wisdom – but actually confirms it. Even if each of the sixteen-steps are ‘penetrated’ directly – then ALL of the wisdom contained therein is automatically realised without any undue effort, contradiction of paradox. Grand Master Liao Kong taught that the sixteen-steps can realised back-to-front. What did he mean? Well, if the sixteenth stage is spontaneously ‘realised’ (due to conducive past and present conditions), then all the other fifteen stages automatically manifest and fall into place. Most do not understand or accept this teaching in the West. This is due to a general misunderstanding of Chinese history and culture in general, and a lack of genuine Daoist knowledge in-particular. It is nothing special but requires regular exposure to the milieu of everyday inner and outer Chinese spiritual culture – which at its deepest levels is purely ‘universalist’ in nature. This is because the ‘essence’ of the spiritual universe belongs to all life in the cosmos regardless of which cultural orientation manages to reach and penetrate its essence. However, as we are dealing with the ancient culture of China – this is culture that we must familiarise ourselves with. With Metta
Adrian Founding Patriarch Zhao Bichen (赵避尘) composed a 40-character poem to express the spiritual (and physical) essence of the complete teaching of the Qianfeng School: 玄妙先天道,自然性体空。悟真圆光现,慧命上昆仑。 金丹乾坤大,礼意善养功。虚灵清静意,留得万古春。 Translation – Qianfeng School Transmission Poem 玄妙先天道, (Xuánmiào xiāntiān dào,) How Mysterious – How Wonderful! - the Pre-natal Dao (Way). 自然性体空。(Zìrán xìng tǐ kōng.) Nature – Bodily Essence – All ‘Empty’ from Beginning to End. 悟真圆光现,(Wù zhēn yuánguāng xiàn,) Enlightened Reality – Bright and Round – Here and Now, 慧命上昆仑。(Huì mìng shàng kūnlún.) Profound Wisdom – Purified Destiny – Ascend Like the Kunlun Mountains. 金丹乾坤大,(Jīn dān qiánkūn dà,) Golden Energy-Centre Self-Cultivation - If Only the Universe Was So Great! 礼意善养功。(Lǐ yì shàn yǎng gōng.) Correct Ritual and Profound Intention – Goodness Strengthens Self-Cultivation. 虚灵清静意, (Xū líng qīngjìng yì,) Profoundly Empty Spirit – Still and Pure Perception, 留得万古春。(Xū liú dé wàngǔ chūn.) Profound Emptiness Contains All Things – As if Reflected in An Ancient (Eternal) Spring. Short Biography of Master Zhao Bichen: Qianfeng (Thousand-Peaks) Pre-Natal School, is also known as the ‘inner alchemy’ (内丹 - Nei Dan) lineage. This is considered part of the ‘Philosophical’ Daoist tradition – rather than the ‘Religious’ Daoist tradition. The Qianfeng (千峰) School was created by its Founding Patriarch - Zhao Bichen (赵避尘) - in the late Qing Dynasty. Zhao Bichen’s Daoist Lineage (transmission) name was ‘Yizi’ (一子). When in his later years, Zhao Bichen was also known as ‘Qianfeng Venerable Old Man’ (千峰老人 - Qian Feng Lao Ren). He was born in Changping County, Beijing, in the tenth year of the reign of Emperor Xianfeng (咸丰) during the Qing Dynasty (1860). When a child (during the reign of Emperor Guangxiu [光绪]) - Zhao Bichen suffered from a medical ailment that involved him suffering from haematochezia (i.e., ‘blood in the stools’). This illness was completely ‘cured’ through Daoist self-cultivation. A reliable biography of Zhao Bichen’s early life can be read in the Chinese-language text entitled ‘Namo School Energy-Centre (Self-Cultivation) Law Genuine Transmission’ (南无派丹法真传 - Na Mo Pai Dan Fa Zhen Chuan). Later, in the 3rd lunar-month of the 21st year of the Reign of Emperor Guangxu (April - 1895), Zhao Bichen went to the Jinshan (金山) - or ‘Gold Mountain Temple’ - to pay homage to Ch’an Master Liao Kong (了空禅师 - Liao Kong Ch’an Shi) - who was also an acknowledged Master of the Daoist tradition and an authentic Daoist lineage inheritor. Zhao Bichen was accepted as an ‘inner’ disciple and received full-instruction in the Daoist tradition as passed-on by ‘Liu Huayang’ (柳华阳) - also known as the ‘Wu Liu’ (伍柳) School. Twenty-five yeas later, Master Liao Kong ‘transmitted’ the full and complete ‘Wu Liu’ lineage to Master Zhao Bichen in 1920 – following this event in Beijing – Master Zhao Bichen - after receiving ‘permission’ from Master Liao Kong - started accepting disciples and teaching in his own right. Zhao Bichen started referring to his lineage as the ‘Qianfeng’ (Thousand Peaks) School around 1937 – named after a range of mountains in the Beijing area. In his manual entitled ‘The Secret Cultivation of Essential Nature and Eternal Life’ (性命法诀明指 - Xing Ming Fa Jue Ming Zhi) – translated in 1970 by Charles Luk, and published in English as ‘Taoist Yoga’ - Zhao Bichen clearly explains the ‘Sixteen Steps’ that he uses within the Qianfeng School to propagate robust health and longevity. The Qianfeng School exists to in modern China and is led by the great grandson of Zhao Bichen – Zhao Ming Wang (赵明旺) - the acknowledged Lineage Head of the Qianfeng School in Beijing, whose family and Training Hall is still in the old house that Zhao Bichen used to inhabit during his lifetime. Between the two eyebrows – situated in the centre of the forehead – is located the ‘ancestral aperture’ (祖窍 - Zu Qiao). In other traditions, this sacred space is referred to as the ‘third-eye’ - which is an apt description – as all ‘spiritual insight’ is perceived through this sacred-space. The ‘zu qiao’ and ‘nasal’ area are ‘balanced’ through an ‘even’ perception as the breath enters and leaves the body (through the nose). Some people keep their eyes slightly open so that the tip of the nose can be visually focused upon whilst meditating. Other practitioners prefer to ‘close’ their eyes fully – both approaches are acceptable. As the Qianfeng School is a modern interpretation of the Wu Liu tradition – and given that Zhao Bichen received full-transmission from two Ch’an Buddhist Masters (that is, Venerable Liao Ran [了然 ] and Liao Kong [了空]) - the Qianfeng School continues the Ch’an Buddhist influence within Daoism, and is known as the ‘Northern School of ‘Pure’ and ‘Still’ Energy-Centre Self-Cultivation Law' (北清静丹法 - Bei Qing Jing Dan Fa). As Zhao Bichen trained with over thirty-six genuine Daoist Masters – and given the purity of the transmissions he received – the Qianfeng School is considered one of the most effective and profound Daoist lineages still active in the world today! So important is the Qianfeng School for Chinese traditional culture that many academic scholars visit Zhao Ming Wang in Beijing to compile various studies involving Qianfeng Teaching and medical effectiveness. This is as well as thousands of people in China (and throughout the world) practicing Qianfeng Daoism on a daily basis and looking toward Master Zhao Ming Wang for authentic guidance and instruction.
Dear Alex Whereas in the old days, a typical Daoist student in China would strive to be admitted to a single school and learn exclusively from a single Master. This was a difficult process with no certainty of success – as Daoist Masters (in pre-modern times) invariably focused their efforts of transmitting their lineage to only one dedicated disciple at a time – with quite often only one such student ever being taught in the Master’s lifetime. Daoism continued like this into the early 20th century until Zhao Bichen radically changed this with the permission of his two Ch’an Buddhist Masters. Zhao Bichen was a tax-collector who moved up and down the Beijing canal system plying his profession, whilst using this unusual mobility to meet with and learn from as many Daoist Master as possible, He must have been a very sincere and dedicated student, as at least thirty-six different Masters entrusted him with their diverse lineages full of different types of martial arts, qigong exercises and meditational practices, etc. This accomplishment alone was highly unusual. This created a vast reservoir of Daoist techniques that he could choose from when it came to the construction of his ‘preferred’ family style. Therefore, the Zhao Family School of Qianfeng Daoism as practiced today by his great grandson – Zhao Ming Wang – is a cross-section of all this practical knowledge and experience that Zhao Bichen possessed. By definition, the Qianfeng School as it exists today in Beijing, cannot be ‘all’ the teachings that Zhao Bichen practiced over his life as this body of knowledge would be far too vast to ‘transmit’ to disciples – so Zhao Bichen ‘refined’ everything he knew and ‘discarded’ that which was not needed. It also means that what Zhao Bichen taught his numerous students in his lifetime, sometimes deviates considerably from what is found today in the fully established Qianfeng School. This is a pattern of development that is seen in all similar evolutionary paths. The ‘essence’ of a style might well seem quite different to the many different practical techniques designed to ‘express’ this underlying reality. As the Master develops a stratified and logical approach to teaching, the techniques he or she a) ‘prefers’, and b) has the most ‘benefit’ for the students – become emphasised other those which do not. The problem is a matter of ensuring that a student retains a steady and genuine path toward the goal. This often means a limiting of any ‘lateral’ movement away from the establish ‘norm’ to retain good order and appropriate direct. However, this does not mean that other pathways are of no use or effectiveness – but rather that a teacher tends to prefer a specific and definite pathway to the exclusion of others. My personal viewpoint is that this ‘lateral’ movement from the centre-line, so to speak, can be and ‘is’ useful for many students of the Dao. This is how Charles Luk (1898-1978) - my grand-teacher - was taught by Zhao Bichen. This is different to how Master Zhsao Ming Wang teaches today in Beijing – but after I explained what I had been taught – he understood straightaway, recognising the ‘inner’ or ‘hidden’ teachings perpetuated by his great grandfather – only to his closest and most able disciples. Until I was introduced to Master Zhao Ming Wang a few years ago by a Chinese academic colleague – I had no idea about any of these things! Best Wishes
Adrian |
AuthorAdrian Chan-Wyles (內丹 - Shi Da Dao) - Qianfeng Lineage: Zhao Bichen (1860-1942), Charles Luk (1898-1978) and Richard Hunn (1949-2006). Acknowledges Master Zhao Ming Wang (赵明旺) of Beijing as the ONLY Lineage Head of the Zhao Family Lineage of Qianfeng Daoism in China and the world. Archives
February 2024
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