Daoist philosophy is an immense and contradictory body of knowledge - and where the average Chinese person accesses it depends upon what part of China (and ethnic group) they are born into. Most people possess a local deity - and we work from there. One form of Daoism is faith-based (Jiao) and is premised upon making selfless sacrifices to a deity in a Temple - whilst the other is family-based (Jia) and involves a sophisticated philosophical approach to understanding the inner and outer human-body and the world it inhabits. The Daoism you are studying falls within the 'Jia' (family) category. Obviously, Karate-Do is a practical activity - where a practitioner can hold any viewpoint - providing the physical technique is correct (at least in the West). For instance, regardless of what metaphysics are used to describe Sanchin Kata (that is - what we think is going on) - the fact remains that the musculature must remain 'tensed' throughout the practice of the Kata during the inward and outward breath - and regardless of every stance, leg movement, arm movement and hand movement, as this generates the torque sheet-muscle which protects the inner organs, the bones and the joints, etc. I notice Higaonna Sensei applies an additional (and sharp) conclusion to every outward breath. This makes sense from the TCM-perspective as such an emphasis is generating a consolidation of 'qi' (ki) in the limb that has just been moved. If the hand is left 'open' - then the 'qi' (ki) will flow out through the outstretched fingers - but if the fists are 'clenched' - then the 'qi' (ki) is gathered and focused with a greater resisting force in the fist and fore-arms. This might explain why Higaonna Kanryo Sensei made this adjustment.
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I was involved in an interesting debate with a modern medical professional trained as a ‘Surgeon’. He said that Daoist thinking was subjective imagination risen up to the level of an objective science. As a consequence, regardless of the sophistication of the philosophy which holds it all together (like that involved in the theology of theistic religion) - none of it can be ‘true’ in the sense of the reality of the objective knowledge that serves as the foundation of contemporary medical science – such as that which defines heart surgery. A dysfunctional heart structure, for instance, cannot be healed through any form of ‘faith’ or ‘wishful’ thinking. I agree entirely. As far as I am concerned, authentic Chinese Daoism has never denied the validity of objective knowledge. Indeed, many famous Daoist practitioners have been acknowledged as expert practitioners of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) in both its ‘subjective’ and ‘objective’ aspects. Modern science has specialised exclusively within the sphere of objective medical knowledge and separated it entirely from any form of ‘subjective’ knowledge. Daoism, on the other hand, has maintained the ‘link’ between the ‘subjective’ inner aspects of human existence and the need to develop external ‘objective’ knowledge about the human body and its functionality within the physical world. A person trained only in objective medical knowledge can have a derogatory attitude toward Daoism – but this is a ‘subjective’ attitude and does not affect the effectiveness of Daoism in anyway. Sensing the ‘circulation’ - involving bodily substances traversing around the body - is not impossible even if modern people have no opportunity to learn this ability as part of the skills required for modern living. It is interesting that an individual can ‘imagine’ how the blood flows through the arteries and veins – and yet in the real world - ‘blood’ still does flow around the body regardless of its presence and activity is ‘imagined’ through the use of another part of the conscious mind (or ‘brain’). In this instance, ‘imagine’ and material ‘reality’ mirror one another to the point whee sometimes it is difficult to distinguish one from the other! This was the issue with Isaac Newton’s chosen academic descendent – William Whiston. He wrote a very good scientific book about comets which is still respected and admired today. He was dismissed from Cambridge University for daring to suggest that material science should be taught as being ‘equal’ to idealistic religious thinking! William Whiston was attacked not only by the British academic community for his tolerance of religious thinking – but also by the Church of English – in the latter case for ‘Blasphemy’ due to him suggesting that theology should be taught as being ‘equal’ to the worldly learning of science!
Very interesting.
The human urge to stratify as a means to move from one place another - figuratively and materially - is highly creative and drives the ongoing engine of evolution. It exists and is perpetuated because it works - regardless of the subject it is applied to. Mathematics, engineering, medicine, politics, spirituality, sport and art, etc, and so on. This is why humans conform to group activities - even group activities such as monasticism - where everyone believes they are on their own - requires a supportive mechanism that would mirror any normally functioning royal abode precisely! And here we are - at the end of stratification, somewhere in the middle of stratification - or nowhere near stratification! As for myself, I see reality from the inside - as it is happening at the root of unfolding - even though the limitation of human language makes this sound like a 'subjective' statement. Reality is a) out there, but b) I experience it through the continuous unfolding of perception. Removing fear and attachment changes the game. After-all, we manifest within a physical body that itself manifests within a physical world - which although 'real' - manifests within our perception! So, in answer to your question 'How do I see it?' - or something similar - in answer I must say that I do not see it in anyway at all - as this would fall into a false dichotomy - which is just too time consuming and energy sapping to generate, maintain and defend! Perception is spacious - that is all I know. Dear Alex
Each moment of training is nothing less than the 'perfected' moment. This is what the genuine Daoist strives to achieve 'here and now'. Obviously, once this has been said (and achieved), a never-ending stream of 'perfected' nowness flows from 'here' to wherever we 'think' we are going - and indeed - wherever we are actually going in the 'material' world (in both space and time, and the nature of the functioning of our minds and bodies). Everything we are 'sensing' is in flux. The question is wherever you can 'see through' this flux using the methodology of Daoist 'neidan' - as it is not just a matter of 'perceiving' and 'making-sense' of this flux - but also a matter of 'penetrating' through the surface level (using a strengthened and focused perception) which 'sees' and 'unites' with that reality (or 'stillness') which lies beyond the 'movement'. What many experience is that this penetration of 'emptiness' is not permanent - as it appears to come and go. This is a common human experience that cannot be escaped. What I can say is that we must also 'penetrate' the confusion (or departure from the 'empty' and the 'still') as it where a continuation of this stable understanding. This is how the notion of 'contradiction' is integrated into that which 'does not depart' from the highest realisation. The problem emerges when the mind continues to discriminate between 'movement' and 'stillness' - and judges the former inferior to the latter - that suffering re-emerges when the empty-mind seems to 'disappear' - but where could an empty-mind conceivably disappear to? Indeed, the flurrying obscurity of passing thought is not an 'error' even though for a time the traversing of thought across the surface of the mind seems to obscure that which we are a) looking for, and b) attempting to make permanent through 'integration'. The Chinese Daoist practice of 'neidan', is in reality a transformation of the physical breath into a psycho-spiritual manifestation so that the 'physical' and the 'non-physical' exist simultaneously without paradox or contradiction. This is a normal Chinese cultural trait of the mind which underlies all notions of Chinese cultural construction. As Westerners are taught to separate the 'material' from the 'immaterial' (so that they remain forever separate and distinct), this habitual (cultural) integration can be a stumbling-block, or at least an issue with stepping entirely through the 'gate' of Daoist methodology. Many remain 'this side' of the 'gate' - and become hyper-critical of every other opinion which departs from this interpretation of reality. These are things which we must strive to 'seek-out' and 'uproot' so that the training method is one-hundred percent effective when applied. There is a cascade of unfolding development that occurs when the entry of the 'gate' is correct and perfected. As individuals, we do not need to be hyper-critical of everything - we merely need to be able to 'see' clearly what is happening, why it is happening and how we can strengthen or weaken the processes as required. We must not construct false experiences whilst waiting for genuine experiences to manifest. After-all, given the right amount of will-power, we can construct virtually any form of 'imaginary' experiences that simply do not exist in the material sense. There is a process of assessment (logical deduction) which is then broken-down into its constituent parts (so as to ensure that this 'logic' repeats itself continuously throughout the entire process of realisation). This is an important observation, as Daoist philosophy within Chinese culture is not considered 'illogical' or 'departing from the ordinary'. This position of logical philosophy should not be confused with the Daoist tendency to 'resist' everyday society, or to 'prefer' nature over that of urban living - as for every retiring Daoist - there is an example of a Daoist Master who lives quite happily within society (such as Master Zhao Ming Wang). Breath is a material reality (post-natal - later divine sky - later heaven) which is transformed into a psycho-spiritual reality (pre-natal - earlier divine sky - earlier heaven) as the breathing process transitions through the 'neidan' psyche-physical process of training. This is conscious and directed 'returning' to the pure state of life in the womb before the human-mind was broken into 'subject-object' perception by the birth-process into the gross physical world, and the human breath and mind 'separated' into two distinct and seemingly 'different' physical aspects of conscious life. The practice of 'nei-dan' is a methodology that 'reverses' or 'returns' the post-natal state of diverse mind-body existence back to the pristine state of the fully integrated 'oneness' of pure pre-natal state. Any mind-set, physical habit or reaction which diverts the practitioner away from this position has to be carefully removed from the system. With Metta Adrian If You make an in-depth study of the symbolism associated with the 'Yijing' - or 'Book of Changes' - you will develop an intuitive understanding and comprehension of these diagrams even if you cannot read the Chinese language script! The hexagrams, trigrams, yin-yang roundels and five phases ideology are all designed to convey deep and profound insight into the inner and outer state of a) existence and b) reality. In ancient China only around 10% of the population could read and write. This means that 90% could not understand the complex ideograms - but they could be trained to understand the symbolic language designed to present the highest understanding humanity in China had been able to develop at the time, whilst focusing the mind and directing the physical body. This symbolic acts very much like a modern computer language that transfers immense amounts of data from the mind of the teacher into the mind of the disciple! The 'Book of Change' itself - with its sixty-four hexagrams - acts very much like a 'random access memory' (RAM) which oddly enough, is one of the names used to describe 'god' in ancient Indian philosophy! Original Chinese Language Article:
https://www.wang1314.com/doc/topic-20941322-1.html The ‘Yi’ (intention) acts like a magnet 'attracting' a piece of metal toward it. However, all is set in motion by the fact that the ‘magnet’ is always moving just slightly ahead of the piece metal (say a metal ball) causing it to continuously 'roll' toward the source of 'attraction'. As it is a process of 'attraction' that is never completed or allowed to completely succeed - the metal ball is made to continuously 'roll' due to the conditions it exists within, attempting to fulfil the dynamics of the 'attracting' force it is being exposed to. Qi and jing flow side by side and merge together - whilst both being 'pulled' by 'yi' (intention) in the desired direction. These energies are 'purified' and 'integrated' due to the process of flowing through the 'dantian' or 'fields of energy transformation' of which there are 'three' - one located in the centre of the ‘third-eye’ (situated between the eyes in the centre of the forehead), the solar plexus and two inches beneath the navel, etc. This combined universal essence 'drips' into the centre of the brain and the 'third eye' area - generating a still mind, an expansion of awareness that permeates the entire universe, and the understanding that all is 'empty' and 'full' simultaneously - with any contradiction or hindrance. Things are not just 'empty' and not just 'full' - but a perfect integration of the two complementary states of being - as one cannot exist without the other.
The Chinese ideogram ‘意’ (yi4) is often translated into English as ‘intention’, ‘thought’, ‘opinion’ or even ‘idea’, etc, and is comprised of a lower and an upper particle. The lower particle is ‘心’ (xin1) - which is used to refer to the anatomical ‘heart’ (hence its shape), and for the ‘thinking’ mind. It is believed that like ideas in Medieval Europe – the anatomical ‘heart’ was assumed to be the seat of human ‘thought’ in ancient China. In the modern-era, when science confirmed that the anatomical ‘heart’ and the ‘thinking’ mind (brain) were recognised as two different anatomical organs performing two very different biological functions – the ideogram ‘心’ (xin1) was continued to be used within modern China to refer to the ‘thinking’ mind (as opposed to ‘脑’ [nao3] which refers to the physical organ of the ‘brain’) - although this tends to refer a more ‘profound’ or ‘deep’ mode of thought as associated with ‘philosophy’ or ‘spirituality’. The upper ideogram is ‘音’ (yin1) which is ‘mouth’ (‘口’ kou3) with a ‘tongue’ sticking-out (‘舌’ she2) - although a more complex structure of the following ideogram - which denotes the tongue ‘moving’ (‘言’ yan2). Therefore, ‘音’ (yin1) refers to the act of ‘speaking’, ‘saying’ or ‘talking’, etc. There is some research which suggests that the particle ‘䇂’ (qian1) might have been used in earlier manifestations of this ideogram (this denotes a ‘knife’ which marks the external body of a ‘criminal’ for identification purposes). However, ‘䇂’ (qian1) might be a replacement particle for ‘中’ (zhong1) - which refers to the ‘centre’, ‘middle’ or ‘heart’ of something. When all this data is added to together, then the meaning of ‘意’ (yi4) can be expanded to include ‘heart’, ‘soul’ and ‘conscience’. As regards self-development training methods found within traditional, Chinese spiritual culture – the term ‘意’ (yi4) refers to a ‘profound’ and ‘guiding’ awareness that permeates the entire body and integrates the ‘mind’ and the ‘heart’. This type of permanent inner transformation penetrates the body cells to the very centre of the mind and body, and which acts like a magnetic force which draws the essential nature and vital force through the energy channels, unblocks all barriers and which strengthens the mind and expands the consciousness! Authentic ‘intention’ drops the bodyweight, aligns the bones and directs the rebounding force! The body and mind are strengthened and calmed by the presence of intention’ which brings inner peace and outer tranquillity. The disciple ‘listens’ to the universe and ‘hears’ what the Master has to say. Once the instructions are received, the mind focuses the effort so that immortality is achieved. Listening correctly is the essence of developing a profound ‘intention’...
Dear Alesso Remember, training depends upon circumstance and need. Master Zhao Ming Wang often addresses men (and women) who are around forty to fifty-years of age. This is the middle-age period of life when many different ailments and medical problems arise. To ‘purge’ the system of this lack of positive (yang) qi a training period of one hundred days of strict vegetarian diet and celibacy is required. At the end of this training – the practitioner – within a balanced reason, can revert back to ordinary life. As you have read, ‘inspiring’ sexual jing – but not expending sexual jing – is definitely a traditional method. Sometimes, couples participate within Qianfeng training and ‘inspire’ one another’s sexual jing whilst stopping just short of ‘emitting’ this precious and valuable substance. Now, preserving sexual jing is thought to ‘boost’ the entire living organism – but if your jing-levels are functioning within acceptable parameters and there is no general health deficiencies – then when engaging within sexual union with your partner – you can ‘absorb’ their sexual energy as the absorb yours. Unlike within certain theistic religions, sexuality is not a problem. It is not evil or to be ignored. Abstaining for a while is a medical prescription – rather like ‘not walking’ on a broken foot whilst it heals! Besides, what I am explaining is the fundamental or basic practices that are very important and of more general use. Master Zhao Ming Wang tends to give each student a ‘tune-up’ involving pressure-point treatments designed to boost internal energy flow and restore balance throughout the mind and body. This is the general ‘entry’ gate, but there are other pathways. Zhao Bichen initiated my grand-teacher – Charles Luk (1898-1978) into a more ‘fluid’ interpretation of Qianfeng. When I was introduced to Master Zhao Ming Wang a few years ago – I was unsure about the situation as we did not discuss our Daoist lineage in public – it existed just behind the more public Ch’an Buddhist lineage (passed on by Master Xu Yun 1840-1959). This is because my teacher – Richard Hunn (1949-2006) - taught me Ch’an first, Daoism second. Therefore, our Qianfeng predates Master Zhao Ming Wang – but out of respect I fully recognise his status as the Head of the Zhao Family Lineage in the world today, and assist him wherever I can. This is a debt of honour and respect on my part. Most people who traverse this path are only interested in gathering a list of ingredients – but not in using the ingredients properly. Their respect is superficial and passing. This is okay as it is their free-will and destiny in operation. Whatever they express is exactly the world they create for themselves that they have to live within! As universal energy belongs to everyone equally – a certain compassionate ‘indifference’ guides the pen. Individuals do as they do. If, for a time, we can ‘over-lap’ our approaches to life – then a divine interaction will occur. The Daoist manuals are important but only define the way – or the ‘manner’ of the journey. There are levels within levels!
Dear D
Much of Chinese Daoist Qigong (Yoga) is performed in the seated meditation or static standing position and rarely involves the mindful loosening of the ligaments and tendons of the limbs and torso, etc. All-round tension is released from the body as an act of will (as if loosening an arrow from a bow), and unfolds as a remedial-wave spreading through the body (from the inside-out - and the bottom to top, etc). Furthermore, in the advanced states, this 'wave' generated by a pure will free of greed, hatred and delusion - continues out into the environment through (and beyond) the barrier of the skin. Obviously, this expanded awareness tends to correspond with the developed consciousness of the enlightened mind which possesses the ability to 'penetrate' the body and the material environment. As regards 'moving' Qigong - this is catered for within traditional Chinese culture through martial arts practice usually involving Taijiquan, Bagua or Xingyi, etc, or a myriad of other Chinese martial systems as of yet unknown in the West. This practice also includes an array of weaponry including the Taiji Long-Sword (these weapons are used as an extra 'weight' to strengthen the bones, and as a non-living material object through which 'awareness' (sheen), 'qi flow' and 'essential nature' (jing) can be projected). The various postures of limb-extension are achieved not through stretching before-hand, but rather by the ability to 'instantly' relax the ligaments and tendons as an act of will. Wu Liu Firm Foundation http://qianfengdaoismuk.weebly.com/wu-liu-school-ndash-building-the-foundation.html There is also the book entitled 'The Secrets of Chinese Meditation' by Charles Luk which gives a tremendous amount of important meditative instruction - including a section upon Daoist self-cultivation. As far as my teacher advised, the mind must be ‘stilled’ stabilised and expanded before any Daoist self-cultivation is attempted. This is the Qianfeng Lineage as I have experienced it. One’s physical life must be purified through discipline and vegetarianism. One’s mind must have greed, hatred and delusion uprooted. As the Qianfeng Lineage is intimately integrated with Chinese Ch’an Buddhism, it is the Hua Tou method which is used to work directly on the structure of the mind. The jing and qi travel up the Governing Vessel, which travels from an inch in-front of the anus but behind the scrotum, up the spine and around the top of the head, culminating in the upper palate of the mouth. The tongue touches the palate and connects the rising Governing Vessel to the descending Conception Vessel which starts in the tongue and travels down the front of the body. This travels through the genital area and links with the Governing Vessel near the anus. This is one complete cycle of inner energy cultivation. As the inner energy travels up the Governing Vessel (to the top of the head) the question ‘Who?’ is asked. As the inner energy travels down the Conception Vessel, the question ‘is hearing?’ is used. The full Hua Tou is ‘Who is hearing?’ and the body is split into two even halves – even though the Governing Vessel travels further than the top of the head. All sensation is returned to its non-perceptual essence until the non-perceptual essence is fully comprehended, understood and realised.
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AuthorAdrian Chan-Wyles (內丹 - Shi Da Dao) - Qianfeng Lineage: Zhao Bichen (1860-1942), Charles Luk (1898-1978) and Richard Hunn (1949-2006). Acknowledges Master Zhao Ming Wang (赵明旺) of Beijing as the ONLY Lineage Head of the Zhao Family Lineage of Qianfeng Daoism in China and the world. Archives
February 2024
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